The HC-SR04 is an ultrasonic distance sensor module designed for non-contact distance measurement with high precision. It operates at 40 kHz, emitting ultrasonic waves and measuring the echo time to calculate distances ranging from 2 cm to 400 cm with an accuracy of ±3 mm. The module outputs a TTL pulse signal and requires a 5 V DC power supply, with a sensor beam angle of less than 15° and static current below 2 mA. It is compatible with microcontrollers including Arduino, Raspberry Pi, STM32, and ESP32, making it suitable for robotics, obstacle detection, and object ranging applications.